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Rabies
Department of Health
Michael C. Caldwell, MD, MPH, Commissioner
- What is Rabies?
- Who gets Rabies?
- How is Rabies spread?
- What are the symptoms of Rabies?
- How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?
- When and for how long is a person able to spread Rabies?
- What is the treatment for Rabies?
- What happens if Rabies exposure goes untreated?
- What can be done to prevent the spread of Rabies?
- Where can I find more updated information about Rabies?
- More FAQ on Rabies from the Department of Health (.pdf)
- What is Rabies?
- Who gets Rabies?
- How is Rabies spread?
- What are the symptoms of Rabies?
- How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?
- When and for how long is a person able to spread Rabies?
- What is the treatment for Rabies?
- What happens if Rabies exposure goes untreated?
- What can be done to prevent the spread of Rabies?
- Where can I find more updated information about Rabies?
- More FAQ on Rabies from the Department of Health (.pdf)
Rabies is a viral disease affecting the central nervous system. It is transmitted from infected mammals to man and is invariably fatal once symptoms appear. Fortunately, only a few cases are reported each year in the United States.
All warm blooded mammals including man are susceptible to rabies.
Rabies is spread through the saliva or nervous tissue of a rabid animal. People and animals are usually exposed to rabies through a bite from a rabid animal. Exposure may also occur if saliva or nervous tissue from a rabid animal enters an open cut or mucous membrane (such as the eyes, nose, or mouth).
Early symptoms include irritability, headache, fever, and sometimes itching or pain at the site of exposure. The disease eventually progresses to paralysis, spasms of the throat muscles, convulsions, delirium, and death.
The incubation period is variable but is normally two to eight weeks. Incubation periods of over one year have been reported.
Person to person transmission is extremely rare, however, precautions should be taken to prevent exposure to the saliva of the diseased person.
In general, treatment requires prompt scrubbing of the bite site, followed by the administration of rabies immune globulin (dosage dependent on weight). Additionally, the New York State Department of Health recommends that the rabies post-exposure prophylaxis protocol for healthy (nonimmunocompromised) persons not previously immunized for rabies include four doses of rabies vaccine given on days 0, 3, 7, and 14. For immunocompromised patients, five doses of vaccine should be given, with the last dose occurring on day 28. For more information on rabies post-exposure prophylaxis, physicians should also refer to the ACIP guidelines.
Exposure of man to a rabid animal does not always result in rabies. If preventive treatment is obtained promptly following a rabies exposure, most cases of rabies will be prevented. Untreated cases will invariably result in death.
Exposure to rabies may be minimized by removing all stray dogs and cats, having all pets vaccinated and staying away from all wild animals, especially those acting abnormally. To control the spread of rabies in wild animals such as raccoons, the New York State Department of Health has recently been distributing a form of bait containing rabies vaccine in wooded areas to immunize the animals.
